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Trump Eyes Australia’s 12% Retirement System, and It Could Blow Up America’s 401(k) Debate

What Australia's retirement system could mean for your paycheck.

By Chris Lewis, CEPF , Edited by Laura Hohenstein

Updated Aug. 4, 2026

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In America, your retirement accounts are voluntary at both ends. Your employer doesn't need to sponsor a 401 (k), and you decide how much you want to fund it on your end.

Because participation is voluntary, only about half of private-sector workers participate in a workplace retirement plan, according to the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. That reality is one reason policymakers continue looking at retirement systems in other countries. Living on just Social Security alone is not enough for most retirees who lack a 401(k) or an IRA.

One of those countries just got named out loud from the Rose Garden. Here's what President Trump said about Australia's retirement system, how it actually works, and what it could mean for your paycheck and retirement plan.

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What Trump said, and who is actually building the plan

At a recent lunch celebrating the launch of Trump Accounts for children, President Trump said that Australia has a great retirement system. The president went on to say that he intends to take it and make it "a little bit sharper, a little bit even better," before bringing it before Congress.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick are the officials working on it. Trump also met with BlackRock CEO Larry Fink that day. Fink has pushed the Australian model since his 2024 letter to investors.

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What is the Australian superannuation model?

Australian employers are legally required to pay 12% of a worker's ordinary time earnings into a retirement fund. The Australian Taxation Office sets that floor, and it covers full-time, part-time, and casual workers alike.

The rate has been increasing since the program debuted in 1992, when it was 3%.

The account is yours outright, so it follows you between jobs with no rollover paperwork. Employee contributions go in taxed at a flat 15%, and nothing gets taxed on the way out. You generally can't touch a dollar before 60.

How Australia's retirement system compares with the U.S.

Australia's superannuation pool held A$4.44 trillion as of March 31, 2026, according to APRA, the country's regulator. Those are Australian dollars, worth roughly 69 U.S. cents apiece, which puts the system closer to $3.06 trillion in USD.

Here's the part that complicates the pitch. Measured against the size of each economy, pension assets in the U.S. and Australia are almost identical. America isn't short on retirement money at all; it's just stacked in the wrong households.

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Why the voluntary 401(k) leaves so many Americans behind 

Access to retirement accounts isn't the problem most people assume it is. Bureau of Labor Statistics data show that 70% of private industry workers had access to a defined contribution plan as of March 2025.

Participation is the problem. Break it out by wage, and it gets ugly: among the lowest-paid quarter of workers, 48% have access to a 401(k)-style plan, and only 22% contribute. A 12% mandate drags that 22% to 100% by law.

Why the proposal is already drawing criticism

There is a looming threat that Social Security will run out soon, which is why alternative retirement plans are being discussed. The 2026 Social Security Trustees Report projects the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance trust fund will run out in the fourth quarter of 2032. After that, payroll taxes cover 78% of scheduled benefits, which is an automatic 22% cut for every retiree.

The idea is taking fire from both directions. The Cato Institute warns of a politicized sovereign wealth fund pulling government deeper into markets, and says forced saving on top of payroll taxes would crowd out saving people already do and hit low earners hardest.

From the other side, the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare calls it a privatization play that shifts market risk onto you. Australian researchers still debate whether the superannuation mandate comes from company profits or employee raises.

Is there a Trump superannuation bill, and what's the rate?

Sen. Ted Cruz backed the idea after Trump's remarks and said he's authoring legislation, Fortune reported. However, nothing has yet been formally introduced to Congress.

There's no consensus on what the rate would be, either. Newsweek's analysis puts the plausible American range at 5% to 12% of wages, which represents two entirely different policies at either end.

In addition, Congress would have to build the enforcement structure from nothing: who collects it, who holds it, which funds qualify, who owns the account, and when you can crack it open. A White House official told Bloomberg it's premature to assume the result mirrors Australia at all.

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Superannuation vs. a 401(k), and what you actually give up

The difference between the two retirement systems comes down to incentives and guarantees. American Social Security is a guaranteed, inflation-adjusted benefit, while Australia's program is an individual account that workers own and control, but it's subject to market forces.

Social Security benefits are projected to cover 37% of pre-retirement earnings for a typical 65-year-old, while the 12% superannuation covers around 53%. On paper, the Australian plan looks better, but that depends on market forces in a way that Social Security does not. Throw in that many Americans have the option to invest in a 401(k) or an IRA retirement plan and choose not to, and the overall differences shrink.

Bottom line

For most workers, the number that matters here isn't Australia's 12%. Instead, it's whatever percentage you're contributing right now. A mandate is years away at best, and your account doesn't care what Congress is debating. It responds to your contribution rate, your employer match, and how long you leave it alone to compound. The best retirement plan would take all of this into account.

America has quietly been running a small version of this test already. Sixteen states operate auto-IRA programs, in which any employer without a retirement plan must automatically deposit a portion of each worker's wages into an IRA. Those accounts hold about $2.75 billion combined, a small but growing number.

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