Major SSI Overhaul Could Reshape Benefits For 7.4 Million Americans

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) has not had a major update in decades, and many of its rules still reflect a much earlier economy. Key limits were set years ago, while housing, food, and other everyday costs kept moving higher.

Now lawmakers are pushing a bill that would rewrite some of the program's most important rules. The SSI Restoration Act, introduced in Congress on March 5, 2026, would raise monthly senior benefits, ease savings and income limits, and tie key thresholds to inflation going forward.

Here is what the proposal would change and what could stand in its way.

Working and saving without losing benefits as quickly

The bill's most immediate effect would be on the rules that govern how quickly your SSI benefits decrease when you earn money or build savings.

Right now, the program excludes just $65 of your monthly earnings before it starts cutting your benefit by 50 cents on each additional dollar.

Under the proposed law, that exclusion would rise to $512 a month, which would let recipients who work part-time keep a meaningfully larger share of both their wages and their SSI payment. A separate exclusion for non-work income, frozen at $20 a month since 1974, would go up to $158.

The asset rules would also change in a major way. If you have more than $2,000 in countable assets as an individual, or $3,000 as a couple, you lose SSI eligibility entirely under current rules.

The bill raises those ceilings to $10,000 and $20,000, which would give recipients room to maintain a small emergency fund, handle an unexpected expense, or simply hold onto modest savings without putting their benefits at risk.

Another part of the proposal is aimed at the long-term problem. Instead of leaving these thresholds frozen for decades, the bill would tie the income exclusions and asset limits to inflation so they adjust automatically over time. That would make the rules less likely to fall out of step with real living costs again.

A benefit tied more closely to poverty-level income

Even at the maximum federal payment, SSI often leaves recipients short of basic living costs. The bill would address that by linking the benefit to 100% of the federal poverty level.

The proposal would also change how couples are treated. Under current rules, married couples receive only modestly more than a single recipient, a structure that has long been criticized as a marriage penalty.

The bill would set the couple's rate at twice the individual rate. That means a couple in which both partners receive SSI would no longer face the same reduction in combined support that current rules can create.

Roosevelt Institute research suggests that, taken together, the higher base payment and looser eligibility rules could reduce poverty among SSI recipients by roughly 60%.

Two other parts of SSI the bill would change

Some provisions in the bill address parts of SSI that get less attention but still affect daily life for recipients.

One would extend SSI to residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. These territories have never been part of the program, even though other federal disability benefits like SSDI already cover them.

If you're an older adult or a person with a disability living in one of these territories, you currently have no access to the same federal support available in the fifty states. The bill would change that.

The other change would repeal SSI's in-kind support and maintenance rules. Under current law, help from family or caregivers, such as free rent, can be treated as income and reduce a recipient's monthly benefit.

The bill would end that penalty, which means basic support from relatives would no longer come at the cost of a smaller SSI check.

What could keep the bill from passing

The proposal has support from more than one corner of Congress. Senator Elizabeth Warren introduced the Senate version alongside other Democrats, Independent Senator Bernie Sanders, and Republican Representative James Moylan of Guam. Several disability rights organizations and aging advocacy groups have backed the effort as well.

The main obstacle, though, is cost. Roosevelt Institute analysis estimates the full package would cost about $60 billion a year. Supporters point to that number as evidence of how much the bill could change for low-income older adults and people with disabilities.

In a tight budget environment, however, the same price tag may make some lawmakers more cautious even if they agree that SSI's rules are badly outdated.

There is also the possibility that Congress would pursue a narrower version of the bill. Large benefit proposals are often pared back, and a package this broad would be an obvious target for that kind of compromise.

Bottom line

The SSI Restoration Act would be the biggest proposed shake-up to the program in decades, from higher income and asset limits to larger monthly payments and broader eligibility. For millions of recipients, those changes could mean the difference between scraping by and something closer to a stress-free retirement.

The bill still has a long road ahead, with cost concerns, committee hurdles, and the chance that Congress trims it down along the way. Even so, the proposal has made it harder to ignore how SSI rules compare with what recipients actually face each month.

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