Even with the best-laid retirement plan, unexpected costs can arise. If income is tighter than expected due to home repairs, a market drop, or a surprise medical bill, it may be tempting to sell an asset to create some breathing room.
A rushed sale may help you collect cash, but does it come at a greater cost to your financial stability? Avoid financial mistakes with this list of things to avoid selling, as well as what to do instead.
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Permanent life insurance policies
Whole life, universal life, or variable universal life are different than inexpensive term coverage that may no longer be available or needed. They may have built up cash value over time, allow loans or withdrawals, or even include riders that pay out cash while still alive (for qualifying illness, like cancer).
An accelerated death benefit can help families cover the cost of expensive treatments, hospice, and end-of-life arrangements. If you sell the policy, you won't get these benefits.
What to do instead
Ask your insurer for an in-force illustration that shows current cash value, surrender value, projected premiums, loans, interest, and projected death benefit. If needed, you could possibly use cash value to cover premiums, take a partial withdrawal, or reduce the face amount to make ends meet without selling.
Appreciated stock
If you sell appreciated shares, you could trigger a capital gains tax, since you'll be taxed on the difference between what you paid for the stock originally and what you sold it for now. If the shares are inherited at death, they generally receive a step-up in basis to their fair market value at the date of death.
This can eliminate federal capital gains tax on appreciation during your lifetime.
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What to do instead
If you have to, sell only enough shares to meet a planned spending need, look for tax-loss harvesting opportunities elsewhere, or even use a diversified withdrawal plan instead of liquidating these tax-triggering assets.
Your primary home
While not every retiree should stay put, selling a home should include a serious analysis instead of being a quick cash-flow reaction. This is because home equity looks like a big, easy source of retirement money, but it also creates new expenses and risks. New line items include real estate commissions, repairs and staging, closing costs, deposits, movers, and potentially higher rent.
You may also move from a predictable housing situation to an unreliable rental market where rent increases and lease terms may be outside your control.
What to do instead
If your home isn't unsafe, unaffordable, or too difficult to maintain, consider pricing out aging-in-place modifications and what's needed to handle repairs and get long-term care services. Understand the home-sale tax exclusion, which may exclude up to $250,000 of gain ($500,000 for married couples). Depending on your gain and eligibility, this exclusion may or may not eliminate the taxable portion of a home sale.
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Heirlooms and collectibles
There's a delicate balance between financial and sentimental value, and not all inherited furniture, china, sports cars, or art are worth much to others. But when under pressure, it's easy to see collectibles as merely clutter, and an unscrupulous dealer or reseller could take advantage.
Selling without at least checking first can result in missing out on the full value of something very special you can't get back again.
What to do instead
Rare coins, vintage jewelry, first-edition books, military items, or niche antiques need specialized evaluation to know for sure what they're worth. Inventory everything you own and take photos of signatures and maker's marks. Then, get two or more specialist opinions on completed sales prices (not just asking prices). Weigh whether you'll truly be happier parting with something that means a lot to you, and be aware of any capital gains from the sale that may be subject to a maximum 28% federal tax rate.
Annuities
Some annuities are expensive or unsuitable, so we're not saying you can never sell them. But between surrender periods, withdrawal limits, income riders, and death benefits that disappear if you cash out too soon, it may make sense to hold on as long as you can.
You may also pay a surrender charge, a fee imposed when money is withdrawn during the surrender period (even though it declines over time). Variable and indexed annuities often have six- to ten-year surrender periods (or longer).
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What to do instead
Since each contract differs, read yours to know for sure. Since the account value doesn't tell the whole story, ask to see the current statement, surrender-value quote, free-withdrawal amount, and available income options. Then run everything by a tax professional for possible consequences.
Income-producing assets
Finally, these may not be as common, but they can provide some level of retirement income. While you don't have to run a stressful, hands-on, or failing business forever, take extra care before selling one quickly for cash. Not only may you miss out on income, but your customer and community relations may be put at risk, as well. And some grown children and family members may be dependent on a business for their well-being, so it affects more than you.
Assets to reconsider include:
- Consulting practice, local service business, online store, or family business
- Mineral rights
- Farmland that produces rental income
- Intellectual property, royalties, and licensing arrangements
Since selling a business is a complicated process, it also has tax implications. The IRS may handle different aspects of the sale, such as land or equipment, differently. It's not something to take lightly.
Bottom line
When under financial strain, any valuable asset can look like a lifeline. But some assets have hidden value in future income, tax leniency, insurance coverage, or stability. In addition to calculating the net result of selling (which may be much lower than the selling price), consider how your life will change without the asset.
To make sure family and friends know your wishes, consider creating a "do not sell list" with instructions on what to do if in a financial crunch. This way, you can prepare yourself financially, and loved ones can respect your wishes if you do need financial management help.
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