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The IRS Says Every Worker Should Check This One Thing on Their Paycheck

You could avoid an unexpected tax bill or get more money into your pocket before the year ends.

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Updated Oct. 12, 2026
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The income tax that comes out of your paycheck disappears before it reaches your bank account, so it's easy to ignore and assume it's right. But it could be too much or too little, and you may not find out until you file your tax return.

That's why the IRS is urging workers to do a paycheck checkup as part of its National Payroll Week push. With several months left in the year, you have time to correct your withholding gradually and lower your financial stress, instead of discovering at tax time that you owe a much bigger bill than expected.

The goal isn't to get the biggest refund available. It's to have the right amount of federal income tax taken from your paycheck throughout the year.

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What is National Payroll Week?

National Payroll Week, which ran Sept. 7–11, is part of the IRS's push to convince workers to check their tax withholding before year-end.

The agency recommends reviewing withholding after major life or income changes. Still, a paycheck checkup may also help catch a problem before it becomes an unpleasant surprise at tax time.

Your paycheck is already paying your federal income tax

The federal income tax system works on a pay-as-you-go basis. Instead of waiting until you file your tax return to pay everything you owe, you generally pay taxes throughout the year as you earn income.

If you're an employee, that usually happens through withholding. Your employer withholds federal income tax from each paycheck and sends it to the IRS on your behalf. The amount is based in part on your earnings and the information you provide on Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Certificate.

That means you pay taxes throughout the year through the amount taken out of your paycheck.

If you pay too little, you could owe a large amount when you file your return. Depending on your circumstances, you could also face an underpayment penalty.

But withholding too much is just as bad. If you consistently have more tax taken out than you owe, you're giving the government the use of that money throughout the year without earning interest on it. You eventually get the excess back as a refund, but in the meantime, that money isn't available in your paycheck for bills, savings, debt payments, or investments.

These changes could throw your withholding off

If your circumstances change, the W-4 that worked well last year may no longer serve you. The IRS points to several situations when you should check your withholding:

  • You started or left a job: Changing employers may change how withholding is calculated.
  • You or your spouse started or stopped working: A change in household income may affect how much federal tax you must pay throughout the year.
  • You started a second job: Multiple jobs may complicate withholding because the total household income matters.
  • You got married or divorced: A change in filing status or household income may affect how much you owe.
  • You had a baby or adopted a child: New dependents may change your tax calculation.
  • Your income changed substantially: Significant raises, pay cuts, bonuses, and commissions could leave your existing withholding out of step with your expected tax bill.

You don't need to wait for one of those events. The IRS recommends checking withholding periodically, particularly when tax laws or your financial circumstances change.

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The IRS has a free tool to check your withholding

The good news is that you don't have to calculate the right withholding amount by hand.

The IRS offers a free Tax Withholding Estimator that uses information such as your recent pay statements, income, deductions, and credits to estimate whether your current withholding is on track.

To use it, you need your latest pay information handy. The estimator checks your year-to-date and expected withholding for the rest of the year. It also verifies your estimated tax liability and calculates whether you're on track for a refund or an amount owed.

If the numbers show that your withholding needs to change, the next step is straightforward: Complete a new Form W-4 and give it to your employer.

A W-4 tells your employer how much federal income tax to withhold from future paychecks, so you don't need to file the W-4 with your tax return.

Don't forget about income that doesn't come with withholding

Not everybody gets all of their income through a traditional paycheck.

Gig workers, freelancers, and self-employed people often don't have an employer withholding federal income tax from their payments. Other income, including certain investment and rental income, is also taxable outside of ordinary paycheck withholding.

In those cases, you may need to make quarterly estimated tax payments instead.

If you have both a regular job and side income, the IRS says you may sometimes avoid separate estimated payments on gig or self-employment income by asking your employer to withhold additional tax from your paycheck. To do it, submit a new W-4.

October is a better time to check than December

A withholding mistake isn't easier to fix as the year gets shorter.

If you're underwithholding, discovering the problem earlier gives you more paychecks to spread an increase in withholding over. If you're overwithholding, correcting it sooner may put more money back into your regular paychecks instead of waiting for a refund after you file.

Bottom line

Now that the IRS has used National Payroll Week to remind workers to check their withholding, you don't need to make the biggest refund possible or make your tax bill disappear completely.

To put extra cash in your pocket, make sure the amount taken from your paychecks throughout the year is reasonably close to what you'll actually owe. A few minutes with the IRS Tax Withholding Estimator now allows you to make that adjustment with enough time left in the year to make a difference.

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