Retirement Social Security

8 Things You Need To Know About Working While Collecting Social Security

You can still work and collect Social Security, but you need to know how it might affect your benefits.

By Adam Palasciano

Edited by Ellen Cannon

Updated Jan. 22, 2025

Working while collecting Social Security can be a smart way to supplement your income, but it's essential to understand how your work affects your benefits.

The rules differ depending on your age and income, and navigating them correctly is crucial to avoid costly mistakes.

Before you make any decisions, here are the key things you need to know to prepare for retirement and maximize your Social Security benefits.

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Under FRA, you'll pay a penalty if you go over the limit

If you're younger than full retirement age (FRA) for the entire year, your Social Security benefits will be reduced if you exceed the earnings limit.

In 2025, the earnings limit is $23,400, and Social Security will deduct $1 from your benefits for every $2 you earn above this threshold.

However, a different earnings limit applies if you reach your FRA in 2025. In the months before you reach full retirement age, you can earn up to $62,160.

For every $3 you earn above this amount, $1 will be deducted from your benefits, but only the earnings before the month you reach FRA are counted.

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Part-time work can be a smart option

If you're not ready to fully retire but don't want to trigger a reduction in benefits, consider part-time or freelance work to supplement your Social Security. These jobs often offer more flexibility and can help you stay active without exceeding the earnings limit.

Balancing part-time work with your Social Security benefits can be a strategic move to keep your financial situation stable.

At full retirement age, earn all you want

Once you reach your full retirement age, the earnings limits vanish, and you can work without worrying about reductions in your Social Security benefits.

Any money withheld before your FRA is gradually added back to your monthly payments once you reach your full retirement age so that you won't lose those benefits permanently.

This flexibility allows you to continue working and fully supplement your Social Security income.

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Medicare doesn't start until age 65

While you can begin collecting Social Security benefits as early as age 62, regular Medicare eligibility starts at age 65.

If you plan to keep working and rely on employer health coverage until then, coordinate your retirement plans to avoid gaps in coverage.

If you retire before 65, explore private health insurance options or the ACA Marketplace before you retire. You may also be eligible for COBRA from your previous employer, which will cover you for 18 months.

Your age affects how much you can earn

The age you start collecting Social Security significantly impacts how much you can earn without penalties. Starting benefits before your FRA locks you into a reduced monthly payment, which doesn't increase even if you continue working.

Delaying benefits until your FRA or later can maximize your monthly payout, giving you more flexibility if you decide to keep working during retirement.

You can stop working and start receiving your retirement benefits

Deciding to stop working and start collecting Social Security benefits before reaching full retirement age will lower your monthly payment for the rest of your life.

Specifically, your benefits decrease by a fraction of a percent for each month you claim before your FRA. Importantly, once you start receiving benefits, they won't increase due to additional earnings.

Your Social Security benefits are calculated based on your highest 35 years of earnings. If you have fewer than 35 years of earnings or some years with lower wages, those years will be factored in as zeros or low amounts, reducing your overall benefit.

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Only earned wages impact your Social Security benefit

If you're collecting Social Security benefits before FRA, know that only earned income counts toward the earnings limits. This includes wages from your job, net profit from self-employment, bonuses, commissions, and vacation pay.

However, other income sources such as annuities, pensions, interest, investment income, veterans benefits, and other government or military retirement benefits are not counted against your earnings limit.

Don't forget about the annual earnings test (AET)

The Social Security Administration conducts an annual earnings test (AET) to determine if you have exceeded the income limits for those under FRA.

Keeping meticulous records and reporting your earnings promptly can help avoid overpayments and unexpected penalties.

Staying proactive with these earnings tests will keep your retirement plan on track and prevent unwelcome surprises.

Bottom line

Working while collecting Social Security can provide extra income and help you supplement your income, but it's important to understand the rules and how they fit into your retirement plan.

Have you considered how working might impact your benefits? By staying informed and making strategic decisions, you can continue to earn income while keeping your retirement on track.

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